https://journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics (ISSN: 2582-5992)</strong> aims to publish high-quality papers in all areas of 'physics'. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> SCIENCEDOMAIN international en-US Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics 2582-5992 https://journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P/article/view/195 <p>This study evaluates the performance of wideband channels and path-loss models in 5G macro-cell deployments across diverse terrains in Abuja, with a particular emphasis on urban and rural areas. The study uses a standardised empirical model to investigate the effect of mobility, environmental conditions, and propagation scenarios on signal quality. Extensive field measurements were performed utilising drive tests, spectrum analysers, and 5G-enabled user equipment to analyse characteristics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), delay spread, Doppler spread, and route loss at various mobility speeds and ambient conditions. The findings show that mobility severely reduces signal quality in urban contexts, with RSSI declining from -91.35 dBm at 30 km/h to -114.29 dBm at 100 km/h. SNR decreased appropriately, whereas delay spread rose considerably owing to multipath effects.&nbsp; Rural areas, while less blocked, nonetheless showed significant route loss and interference, with Doppler spread staying reasonably steady. The 3GPP TR 38.901 wideband channel model was used to simulate propagation in several deployment conditions, which confirmed field findings. Comparisons of clear and moist meteorological circumstances demonstrated the susceptibility of 5G signals to environmental variations. The study emphasises the need of specialised path-loss models and adaptive network design in improving 5G performance across different Nigerian terrains. It gives vital insights for maximising coverage, minimising interference, and maintaining reliable connection, helping to efficient 5G implementation plans in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p> Opara C. Ezekwesili Ogherohwo E.P Zhimwang J.T. Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2025-05-12 2025-05-12 9 3 1 11 10.9734/ajr2p/2025/v9i3195 https://journalajr2p.com/index.php/AJR2P/article/view/196 <p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop an optimal electricity consumption profile for Maasai Mara University based on 90 days actual consumption data. To design and simulate captive grid interactive solar photovoltaic system for Maasai Mara University based on the first objective.</p> <p><strong>Study Design:</strong> The system was designed and simulated using PV*Sol software to determine monthly energy production.</p> <p><strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> A captive grid-tied solar PV system for the rooftop of the kitchen square at Maasai Mara University, for the daytime peak load that occurs usually between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Maasai Mara University consumption load data was collected using a data logging system by the use of a special meter, acuvim ii meter. Initial system sizing was performed using the PV Sizing Agent tool.&nbsp; A 141-KW panel system was sized. A detailed 3D model was designed utilizing 203 Jinko JKM629N-66HL-5-BDV photovoltaic panels, each with a rated power of 695W Silicon Monocrystalline panels and a total of 14 SMA inverters were strategically chosen, with different models selected to match the specific characteristics of each PV array.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Analysis of the university’s energy consumption profile revealed a Peak Load Value, 102KW peak demand. The simulated PV system is projected to generate 249,576.20 kWh of electricity in a year, of this 78.1% is directly consumed on-site, fulfilling 50.07% of the university's appliance load, demonstrating the potential for significant peak load reduction within institutional settings.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> A financial analysis of the designed system was done, the financial analysis obtained a net present value of Ksh.8.058988704×10⁷ for the solar PV system with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 26.735% and a payback period of 4 years. This study highlights the feasibility of cost-effective, sustainable solar energy solutions for universities.</p> Dorothy Atieno Lwambe Justus Simiyu Duke Oeba Otieno Fredrick Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2025-06-17 2025-06-17 9 3 12 32 10.9734/ajr2p/2025/v9i3196