Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics

One of the major developments in the technology today is the wind turbine that generates electricity and feed it directly to the grid which is used in many part of the world. The main purpose of this work is to determine the wind potential for electricity generation in Aliero, Kebbi state. Five years Data (2014-2018) was collected from the metrological weather station (Campell Scientific Model), the equipment installed at Kebbi State University of Science And Technology Aliero The data was converted to monthly and annual averages, and compared with the threshold average wind speed values that can only generate electricity in both vertical and horizontal wind turbines. The highest average wind speed 2.81 m/s was obtained in the month of January and the minimum average wind speed of 1.20 m/s in the month of October. Mean annual wind speed measured in the study area shows that there has been an increase in the wind speed from 2014 which peaked in 2015 and followed by sudden decrease to a minimum seasonal value in the year 2016. The highest wind direction is obtained from the North North-East (NNE) direction. From the results of wind power density it shows that we have highest wind power density in month of January and December with  0.8635 w/ m² and 0.8295 w/ m² respectively, while lowest wind power density in the month of October and September with 0.6780 w/ m² and 0.6575 w/ m²  respectively. Result of the type Wind Turbine to be selected in the study area shows that the site is not viable for power generation using a horizontal wind turbine but the vertical wind turbine will be suitable for the generation of electricity.

This work evaluates the radiation hazard indices from some selected mining sites in Nasarawa West, using Sodium Iodide Thallium Gamma Spectrometry. Ra_eq ranged from 100.39-197.40 Bq/Kg with a mean 161.44 Bq/Kg, which is lower than the average of 370 Bq/Kg. The GADR ranged from 44.85 nGy/hr-90.71 nGy/hr with the mean 73.68 nGy/hr. which is also below the average of 89 nGy/hr for soil. The AGED ranged from 315.77 mSv/yr-640.91 mSv/yr with the mean 519.19. Which is above the threshold value of 300 mSv/yr. ACI ranged from 0.73-1.45 with the mean value 1.18 which is above the standard of unity. The AEDE (outdoor) ranges from 0.055 mSv/yr-0.111 mSv/yr with the mean 0.090 mSv/yr which is above the 0.07 mSv/yr standard permissible limit. The AEDE (indoor) ranged from 0.220 mSv/yr-0.445 mSv/yr, with the mean value 0.361mSv/yr. This is below the 0.45 mSv/yr threshold. The ELCR ranged from 00.770-1.558 with the mean value 1.265 and from 0.193-0.389 with the mean value 0.317 for outdoor and indoor respectively, which exceed the 0.29 X 10^-3 threshold limit. The External  and  Internal  Hazard  indices ranges from 0.271-0.533 and 0.289-0.675 as well as mean values 0.435 and 0.512 respectively, which are  below the threshold. Therefore, there may be serious radiological effects to the populace.

The focus of this study is to investigate the structures peculiar in Udi, Enugu State, Nigeria. This was achieved by delineating the regional from the residual, determining the lateral and sedimentary thicknesses of causative structures with their lateral boundaries and corresponding lineaments. Regional-residual separation was employed on the aerogravity dataset while Georeferencing and creation of new coordinate system was undertaken on the Landsat data. Causative sources with short and long wavelength trending in the NE-SW, NNE-SSW, E-W, WNW-ESE, N-S and NW-SE directions were found to exist within the study area as qualitative analysis was applied on the aerogravity and landsat data. The NE-SW and NW-SE trends are possible oil and gas rich belt within the area. Quantitatively, two depth source models D₁ and D₂ were identified. D₁ depicting depth to deeply seated sources varies from 0.00071 to 0.0044 km with true thickness of 0.01 km. The shallow related sources expressed using D₂ lies between 0.0014 to 0.0034 km with true value of 0.0005 km. If other conditions like structural features and depth parameters are met, a true sedimentary thickness of 0.01 km shows that the area will encourage mineral and water exploration rather than hydrocarbon exploration. 

This research presents the application of geophysical self-potential (SP) and resistivity methods in evaluating subsurface phenomenon in Ohafia Area. Two communities were covered with three profile lines of 200 m spread occupied in each location. The data were acquired using ABEM SAS 300C Terrameter and later processed with EarthImager 1D inversion modelling software. Self-Potential values ranged from -107.8 to 112.3 mV in Amaekpu and -100 to 150 mV in Elu area. Positive SP values indicated lithologies with low permeability while negative SP values showed permeable lithologies. Six geologic layers were inferred for Amaekpu area while seven layers were inferred from Elu area. Layer 1, 3 and 5 are low permeable lithologies while Layer 2, 4 and 6 are permeable intervals in Amaekpu. In Elu, Layers 1, 3, 5 and 7 are having low permeability while Layers 2, 4 and 5 are highly permeable lithologies. Lithologic intervals inferred from inverted resistivity data which include sands, sandstones and gravels conformed with regions having negative SP values. Similarly, depth intervals identified as topsoil, siltstones and clay conformed with positive SP values. 

Geophysical and physiochemical investigations were carried out along Lagos-Badagry Expressway, Southwest, Nigeria on three locations dominated by highway runoff, with a view to monitoring the effect of highway runoff on nearby groundwater. The locations were: Iyana Isashi, Iyana Era and Agbara. An overview of the subsurface resistivity distribution was achieved employing Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger array and Two-dimensional (2D) resistivity imaging (Wenner array). The ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000 was used for both VES and 2D resistivity surveys and the data were analysed using IPI2win and RES2DINV, respectively. The VES results showed up to four geoelectric layers consisting of sand, clayey sand, clay and sandy soils. The resistivity at Agbara was found varying from 3.52 Ωm - 11 Ωm. This low resistivity value showed a high level of infiltration of highway runoff into the subsurface, thereby causing contamination of the groundwater. Iyana Isashi and Iyana Era have a relatively moderate resistivity values ranging from 103 Ωm to 178 Ωm. Physiochemical analysis of groundwater samples collected at the study locations revealed high electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and pH values. The results of the borehole sample taken at 32 m away from the profile point at Agbara produced higher values of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids than those of other locations, hence validating the electrical resistivity surveys, indicating that the groundwater sample from the survey point at Agbara is contaminated.